# BPC-157 References and Citations — Full Literature Index

> Complete citation list for BPC-157 research cited on this site — PubMed IDs, DOIs, and journal references for all 20 studies in the index.

## BPC-157 Research Citations

All BPC-157 citations used across this site are listed below in reference order. Citations are drawn exclusively from published peer-reviewed studies and systematic reviews. Where a PubMed identifier exists, it is provided. Where a DOI is available, it links to the publisher record.

[1] Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, Huang HY, Lin Y, Ko YS, Wang JS, Chang VHS, Pang JHS. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. *J Mol Med (Berl).* 2017;95(3):323-333. PMID: 27847966. DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1488-y. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/

[2] Hsieh MJ, Lee CH, Chueh HY, Chang GJ, Huang HY, Lin Y, Pang JHS. Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. *Sci Rep.* 2020;10(1):17078. PMID: 33051481. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74022-y. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7555539/

[3] Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JHS. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 enhances the growth hormone receptor expression in tendon fibroblasts. *Molecules.* 2014;19(11):19066-19077. PMID: 25415472. DOI: 10.3390/molecules191119066. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6271067/

[4] Cerovecki T, Bojanic I, Brcic L, Radic B, Vukoja I, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) improves ligament healing in the rat. *J Orthop Res.* 2010;28(9):1155-1161. PMID: 20225319. DOI: 10.1002/jor.21107. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225319/

[5] Krivic A, Anic T, Seiwerth S, Huljev D, Sikiric P. Achilles detachment in rat and stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted tendon-to-bone healing and opposed corticosteroid aggravation. *J Orthop Res.* 2006;24(5):982-989. PMID: 16583442. DOI: 10.1002/jor.20096. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16583442/

[6] Pevec D, Novinscak T, Brcic L, et al. Impact of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on muscle healing impaired by systemic corticosteroid application. *Med Sci Monit.* 2010;16(3):BR81-88. PMID: 20190676. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20190676/

[7] Perovic D, Milavic M, Dokuzovic S, Krezic I, et al. Novel Therapeutic Effects in Rat Spinal Cord Injuries. *Curr Issues Mol Biol.* 2022;44(5):1976-2004. PMID: 35678659. DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050130. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9164058/

[8] Vukojević J, et al. The effect of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on hippocampal ischemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. *Brain Behav.* 2020;10(7):e01726. PMID: 32558293. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1726. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7428500/

[9] Sikiric P, Udovicic M, Barisic I, Balenovic D, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as Useful Cytoprotective Peptide Therapy in the Heart Disturbances, Myocardial Infarction, Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension, Arrhythmias, and Thrombosis Presentation. *Biomedicines.* 2022;10(11):2696. PMID: 36359218. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112696. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9687817/

[10] Sikiric P, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of BPC 157, a 15-amino acid peptide, on liver lesions induced by either restraint stress or bile duct and hepatic artery ligation or CCl4 administration. *Life Sci.* 1993;53(4):PL291-PL296. PMID: 7901724. DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90589-u. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7901724/

[11] Klicek R, Sever M, Radic B, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, in clinical trials as a therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (PL14736), is effective in the healing of colocutaneous fistulas in rats: role of the nitric oxide-system. *J Pharmacol Sci.* 2008;108(1):7-17. PMID: 18818478. DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0072161. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18818478/

[12] Seiwerth S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. *Front Pharmacol.* 2021;12:627533. PMID: 34267654. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.627533. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8275860/

[13] Demirtas H, Ozer A, Yildirim AK, Dursun AD, Sezen SC, Arslan M. Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Experimental Lower-Extremity Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. *Medicina (Kaunas).* 2025;61(2):291. PMID: 40005408. DOI: 10.3390/medicina61020291. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11857380/

[14] Staresinic M, Japjec M, Vranes H, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Striated, Smooth, and Heart Muscle. *Biomedicines.* 2022;10(12):3221. PMID: 36551977. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123221. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9775659/

[15] Sikiric P, Hahm KB, Blagaic AB, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Robert's Stomach Cytoprotection/Adaptive Cytoprotection/Organoprotection, and Selye's Stress Coping Response. *Gut Liver.* 2020;14(2):173-186. PMID: 31158953. DOI: 10.5009/gnl18490. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31158953/

[16] Vasireddi N, Hahamyan H, Salata MJ, et al. Emerging Use of BPC-157 in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. *HSS J.* 2025. DOI: 10.1177/15563316251355551. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/15563316251355551

[17] Yuan C, et al. From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management. *Int J Mol Sci.* 2026;27(6):2876. PMID: 41898733. DOI: 10.3390/ijms27062876. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13026520/

[18] Sikiric P, et al. BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions, but Maintaining, Promoting, or Recovering Their Essential Protective Functions. *Pharmaceuticals (Basel).* 2025;18(10):1450. PMID: 41155565. DOI: 10.3390/ph18101450. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12567428/

[19] He L, Feng D, Guo H, Zhou Y, Li Z, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. *Front Pharmacol.* 2022;13:1026182. PMID: 36588717. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026182. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9794587/

[20] Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. *Altern Ther Health Med.* 2024. PMID: 39325560. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39325560/

---

A dark-botanical reading of the BPC-157 preclinical record — thirty years of tissue-repair findings, set in ink, cited to the source, and sold by no one.